The Effects Of Outside Forces On Eating Disorders

Analyzing the Effects of Outside forces on Eating Disorders Kaitlyn Cestaro Ramapo College of New Jersey An eating disorder is an obsessive collection of interrelated behaviors directed towards persistent eating behaviors that negatively impact one’s health, emotions, and ability to function in important areas of life. These compulsive practices and attitudes about food, weight and body shape, manifest into deep psychological fears and an incessant need for control. Some common features of eating disorders include an irrational fear of fat, dissatisfaction with one s body often coupled with a distorted perception of body shape, unhealthy weight management and extreme food intake. This disordered eating behavior is usually an effort to solve a variety of emotional difficulties about which the individual feels out of control. Males and females of all social and economic classes, races and intelligence levels can develop an eating disorder (Perfect). There are currently three main types of eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Each one as dan gerous as the next, but yet heavily overlooked and/or misunderstood in society today (Perfect); A review of nearly fifty years of research confirms that anorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder (Arcelus, Mitchell, Wales, Nielsen, 2011). Shocking statistics such as the one above show the complexity and danger of eating disorders. ResearchShow MoreRelatedBulimia Is The Silent Killer Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pageseffecting younger generation. This disorder effects not only the mind but the entire body as a whole, Bulimia is a disorder that effects the mind in making the human body have frequent episodes of binge eating, followed by frantic efforts to avoid gaining weight from eating said food. This is hitting the younger population by storm. Being form the younger generation many young teens are foresing there bodies into eating itself due to eating large amounts of food then eating nothing. to look good for thereRead MoreSocial Media has Unhealth y Effect on Young Women647 Words   |  3 PagesAdolescents spend a typical day of about 7.5 hours or more on some sort of media. (Media, Body Image, and Eating Disorders1) Although men are affected by the downfall of media usage, young women bear the cross. Not only do women have to face the expectations of perfection, but also the discrimination from themselves and others. Media usage has become an everyday part of life; however, it has an unhealthy effect on young women. Media’s example of perfection has been drilled into the minds’ of youth. More thanRead MoreThe Locus Of Control And Attribution Theories1245 Words   |  5 Pageslocus of control - individuals blame outside forces for their outcomes/circumstances. For Ex. An athlete may blame their poor performance on the refs being unfair and making calls in their favor. †¢ Attribution theory- This theory attempts to explain and to determine the cause of an event or behavior (e.g. why people do what they do). a. Internal Attribution: The process of assigning the cause of behavior to some internal characteristic, rather than to outside forces. b. External Attribution: The processRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa Is The Highest Mortality Rate Of All Mental Illnesses909 Words   |  4 Pagesstyle that people choose to have. Eating disorders are a serious illness. Anorexia has the highest mortality rate of all mental illnesses. Four out of ten people in the national survey reported that they either suffered or knew someone who had suffered from an eating disorder. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder where the person does not eat or maintain a normal body weight, in order to have a skinny body (DSM-V). Most women are affected with this disorder, and most case can be treated. TreatmentsRead MoreMass Media And The Entertainment Industry949 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluenced by an outside force like mass media and the entertainment industry? Some believe that mass media and the entertainment industry should be responsible for causing eating disorders in young girls, while others believe differently. I believe that mass media and the entertainment industry portray beauty in a deadly way, since they establish a false image of a â€Å"perfect† woman. Others think that mass media and the entertainment industry should not be accountable for eating disorders because theyRead MoreThe Causes Of Eating Disorders In College Women1444 Words   |  6 PagesEating Disorders in College Women Bingeing. Purging. Calorie counting. Excessive exercising. These are actions that are most commonly associated with eating disorders, which are psychological conditions affecting an individual’s eating habits. Though these conditions can appear in any age or gender group, they tend to be most prevalent in adolescent women. A large population of these young women happen to be college students dealing with problems such as body image issues, food insecurity, andRead MoreMindfulness : The Practice Of Mindfulness1556 Words   |  7 PagesKabat-Zinn, 1982). MBSR is an 8-week training in mindfulness meditation which consists of weekly 2.5-hour group classes and one day-long silence retreat. MBSR has been found to be effective in the management of stress, physical illnesses, and psychiatric disorders with a range of clinical and non-clinical populations (Grossman, Niemann, Schmidt, Walach, 2004; Cramer, Lauche, Paul, Dobos, 2012; Lauche, Cramer, Dobos, Langhorst, Schmidt, 2013) . MBSR was later combined with elements of Cognitive-BehaviouralRead MoreSociocultural And Family Influences On Eating Disorders1372 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent forces; individual, sociocultural and family, that lead to the development of eating disorders. Neurology is a factor as disturbances to neurotransmitters and serotonin can affect brain activities that make an individual more susceptible to develop disordered behaviors associated with eating disorders. Genetics are also an important factor to eating disorders as they are inheritable and recessive in future generations. Personal, predisposed characteristics are another influence in eating disordersRead MoreThe For The Perfect Or Ideal Body Image And The Fight Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pagesbody shaming and social media have twisted and distorted the minds of young individuals causing an increasing rise in distorted eating habits and eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia. However, as years have gone on an d these problems have surfaced it is only critical that we take into effect just how truly dangerous and life threatening these disorders can be. From a young age, all an individual could want is to fit in and strive to be the best that they could be, with this socialRead More Adolescent Eating Disorders Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pages Adolescent Eating Disorders With children as early as age 7 showing dissatisfaction with their body, and as young as 9 starting dieting, eating disorders are a serious issue in our society. Taking a look at perceptions, behaviors, and medical issues associated with the disorders of anorexia and bulimia, scholars have tried to categorize and find answers to the problems which certain adolescents suffer. In this paper I focused on the two major eating disorders of anorexia and bulimia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In

I A Human Or A Robot - 896 Words

Am I a human or a robot? A question I fear some will have to determine in the near future. As well as which one will society brand us as the right answer, thus swaying the inevitable of the one that must no longer exist. I have never heard of Blade Runner, until taking computer, ethic and society. The movie was quite interesting, my reaction will be derived from the ideas portrait by the movie and how relevant it is to us humans today, and what is one envisioning of the future geared toward the movie idea. Is this an â€Å"it† or a â€Å"he/she†? Some of us can’t distinguish between some materialistic things. As time goes on, I have seen people get more emotionally attached to things, as if the thing shouldn’t be considered an â€Å"it† but in fact a â€Å"he/she†. Is this going to be a good thing down the road? That human created things, holds higher values than that of a human beings life? Question one has to consider, as technologies advan ces, and emotion becomes more lenient on the side of humanizing things that cannot stand on their own, sort of speak. In the movie, to my attention it was made clear that humans and robot were very similar to the point that one had to run a test on the machine to determine that it was not human. Thus leading to the fact that the emotional attachment to the machine will seem more acceptable in the relevance that one does not know who or what it is being emotionally attached to. The boundaries of â€Å"it† and â€Å"he/she† arises an emergence of a new categories,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Emotion On Human Beings1368 Words   |  6 PagesAt the beginning when asked what it means to be human I believed that to be human you had to meet some requirements. For someone to fall under the category of being human they had the ability to believe in a greater power. Also a person being able to live out their faith in any way they would like to allows them to be labeled as hum an. The biological make up of a human also was another requirement that was needed to be met to be labeled as human. Having a heart, brain, skin, hair, and all the otherRead MoreEssay on A Robot Character in the Films, Wall-E and Treasure Planet1085 Words   |  5 PagesPlanet has a key robot character. He is old rusty, left behind and has gone mad. Traits similar to that of our robot character. The robot is skinny in it’s body shape and has a human aspect (picture a skinny human who has been left in the wild for years). The robot has expressive eyebrows as the character talks during the movie. Another reason the robot character was chosen was because of the eyes again like the eyebrows are very expressive. They have movements like a normal human eye (depictingRead MoreThe Human To Robot Connection. In The Movie â€Å"Ex Machina†1658 Words   |  7 PagesThe Human to Robot Connection In the movie â€Å"Ex Machina† the director Alex Garland communicates with viewers that robots and humans can have relationships. Throughout the film the way robot, Ava, is portrayed is human like and she is able to build relationships with people. Alex Garland uses the way the camera is placed or way things are filmed to put emphasis on these interactions. The scholarly sources I used to compare the science fiction and real life examples are, Can Robots Manifest PersonalityRead MoreRobots And Expert Systems Of The Future1495 Words   |  6 Pagesbe like in the future? Will robots and other artificial intelligence live and work with human beings? If they do live and work with us, would they improve our future, or would they cause problems in our life? Mankind has been known to create many revolutionary technologies, including artificial technologies and robots. Robots have been around since the early 60s, and ever since the inventions of robots, many people have wondered if robots are capable of living with humans. Throughout Michio Kaku’sRead MoreI Robot Ethics685 Words   |  3 PagesAfter watching the movie I, Robot, I find that many ethical issues come about from the technology shown in the movie. The movie takes place in 2035 and is about robots that are programmed with Three Laws: First Law-A robot must never harm a human being or, through inaction, allow any harm to come to a human; Second Law-A robot must obey the orders given to them by human beings, except where such orders violate the First Law; Third Law- A robot must protect its own existence unless this violates theRead MoreEssay on The Origin of Robots1338 Words   |  6 PagesThe Origin of Robots Over the years mankind has advanced greatly in the field of technology and day by day we continue to advance. The future holds many possibilities, one of which is living in a world with robots. Isaac Asimov shared his view of this possible future in his novel I, Robot. His view portrays robots as machines superior to humans mentally and physically. If robots are superior to humans, how do humans control the robots? Humans create the three Laws of Robotics, which are instilledRead MoreHuman Perception of Domestic Robots Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRobots are now used in domestic environments to perform a range of useful tasks or functions. Thus, it is required that they must carry out these tasks or functions in a manner that is socially acceptable, comfortable and effective for people it shares the environment with and interacts with. In order to have an effective human-robot interaction, physical embodiment and behavior of domestic robots played a significant role. Previous studies have proved that the physical appearance of domesticRead MoreFinding Our Place On The Era Of Robots1553 Words   |  7 PagesCourse No.:ENGL 1104:11 Name : Xuefeng Zheng ID : 20122063 Finding Our Place in The Era of Robots For centuries, people have fantasized that machines could possess intelligence like the human race, and work as our most faithful servants someday. Fortunately, this dream has nearly come true in many fields today. Automatons are widely used in many areas, from self-driving cars to sex robots -- and an especially large number of applications in the mass-production industry, such as in car manufacturingRead MoreRobotics Changes the World848 Words   |  4 Pagesand an expert on robot science and techno games, in â€Å"The Ethical Frontiers of Robotics† shows the unavoidable of the use of robots in the future and ethical problems that come together (p. 357). According to Sharkey (2008), there are positive and negative aspects of the robots use for care for children and the elderly, and the use of autonomous robots in the military (p. 358). Sharkey claims that using robots in our daily life would have both positive and negative sides because robots can assist inRead MoreEssay Artificial Intelligence is Dangerous to Humanity1068 Words   |  5 Pagesimprove our communities in ways we humans can’t, or will they just cause danger to us? I believe that artificial intelligence will only bring harm to our communities. There are multiple reasons why artificial intelligence will bring danger to humanity, some of them being: you can’t trust them, they will lead to more unemployment, and they will cause more obesity. Artificial intelligence is the development of a computer system that is able to perform tasks of human intelligence like visual perception

Human Resource Service and Development †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Service and Development. Answer: Literature review The change in the taste and the preferences of the consumers and the change in the requirements of the people relating to healthcare and services have resulted to the growth of organizations providing service. The growth of the multinationals requires a huge human resource that works for the benefits of the organization and helps in achieving the common goal that is being enumerated by the organization. In the present scenario, these multinationals suffer from the loss of their human resource due to a set of reasons. The nursing and the healthcare facilities in Australia chiefly faces a lower retention rate of the nurses and the employees, depending on the conditions they are being subjected to. The retention rate of the employees, the human being the resource behind the development of the organizations, is being compromised due to the factors that affect the availability of the human resource. The basis of the discussion that is being considered for this report is to understand the reasons behind the loss of the human resource in Australia. The problems that are being faced by the organizations and the business firms in Australia is based on the availability of the skilled labor, also the retention of the skilled and experienced workforce is an important aspect that affects the organizational progress. The report aims at understanding the reasons and the effects of the loss of the human resource, in the present day market. It also helps in determining the importance of the human resource in undertaking the advancements that is being planned by the organizations. The loss of the human resource is a rising issue in the present day Australian market, which is being highlighted through the report and the chief causes for the loss is being described. The skilled labor finding better options of employment based on the policies that are being framed buy the organizations and the working conditions play a major role in determining the loss of the human resource in the organizations. The Australian healthcare workforce is facing a lower retention rate of the employees based on the diversity of the healthcare issues that the professionals are required to adhere to the healthcare needs of the people. The basic outcome of this fall in the retention rate have affected the healthcare units largely, therefore the issues are submerged in one another. The important consideration that the medical practitioners must undertake is based on the designing of functions that help in meeting the healthcare requirements of the people. The report aims at understanding the problems that are being faced by the organization sin recruiting and retaining the workforce in the present day market conditions. The present day market faces the serious issues in retaining the workforce, which affects the organizational structure and results to the lower rate of the achievement of the objectives that is being set by the organization as its common goal. The evaluation of the problem and factors that leads to the issue There are certain factors that affect the retention rate of the employees in Australia. it may be due to the issues in the working conditions and the environment to which the employees are being ex[posed. It also might be due to the policies that do not facilitate the requirements of the skilled workforce (Roche et al. 2015). This section of the report concentrates on the understanding of the factors that affect the retention rate of the employees and therefore affect the human resource management of the organizations. The determining factors influence the retention rate of the employees is based on the considerations that affect the performance of the organizations at large. The factors are being discussed in this part of the assignment in order to understand the discrepancies that the employees face in the working environment leading them to resign from their jobs (Martin et al. 2012). Employee-employer relationship Communication gaps between the employee and the employer or the people involved in the management of the organization results to the gaps in the mentality of the people and effects the proper coordination (Hong et al. 2012). The employee might feel unrecognized and unappreciated, which affects the work that the employee undertakes. The major effects of the employee employer relationship results to the dissatisfaction of the employees in regard to the work they are delivering in favor of the organization. A motivational gap occurs which broadens its limits and thereby causes that employee to take a decision favoring the resignation (Belbin, Erwee and Wiesner 2012) Little hope for carrier advancements The little hope for the carrier advancements is another factor that facilitates the employees to resign from their respective posts. The resignation effects the advancements planned by the company and thereby undertake costs to undertake new recruitments. There again the company faces a lag as per the costs are involved (Jackson 2014). Moreover, the company also loses the loyalty and confidence of the old and experienced employees because of the frequent resignations, which occur. The employees may resign, as they find no scope of making advancements in their carrier. The future perspectives of the employees that they consider affect the mentality of the employees as they go out in search of better options in the market. The job-role issue The job role of the employees is also a determining factor as to the frequent resignations that are being faced by the organizations. The job role issue arises out of the discrepancies and the differences that the employee observes during their service based on their individual responsibility on the job role (Lincoln et al. 2014). The job role that was assigned to the individuals during the time of the recruitment might not be the actual job role, and therefore the employees might feel dissatisfied by the job role in order to make considerations based on their individual preferences (Martin et al. 2012). It is the sole responsibility of the human resource manager to deliver the correct information of the job role before conducting the recruitment process. Failing to undertake the effective functions by the human resource managers and the lagging communication might lead to the resignations that are being faced by the organization. Stressed environment and the excess work load The employees might resign due to the stress and the excess of the workload. In order to fulfill the targets that the company sets for achieving the general objective of the company pressure is being created on the people working under the organization. The people finding better options in the other companies resign from the existing company. The process results to the loss of the skilled workers from the company (Roche et al. 2015). Over stressing on the people in order to serve, the purpose of making the inputs as per the requirements of the company makes the people to lose motivation. Lack of proper training At times, the organization must review on the tutorials and undertake certain training activities in order to rejuvenate the job role to the employees. A proper rejuvenation and revision of the job role to the employees helps them to work effectively and remain responsible to their job role (Hong et al. 2012). On the other hand, the new employees that the company recruits must also undergo a proper training session in order to make them aware of the job role and the responsibilities that they are required to undertake on the work. The expectations of the company depend on the efficient and integrated working of the workforce. Moreover, the miscommunications in the training sessions and the issues relating to the execution of the job role results to the resignation from the side of the employees due to the job satisfaction (Shacklock et al. 2014). The liability of the human resource management Human resource management plays a major role in controlling and retaining the resignations that come from the side of the employees. Undertaking ways to recruit the right person for the right job and proving an effective training session helps in retaining the workforce of the organizations (Shacklock and Brunetto 2012). The involvement of the human resource in maintaining the equilibrium of the recruitment and retaining the experienced workforce can be enumerated through the different functions that can be taken by the HR of the organizations. The organizations lose their progress through the significant loss of their workforce and therefore the processes must be undertaken by the HR of the organizations in order to make it a point as to retain the value of the resource, which affects the progress of the organization (Brunetto et al. 2013). The job satisfaction is another important factor that affects the mentality of the people and results to the transition. The different structure that the company follows in the recruitment of the employees is another important factor that supports the resignation of the employees (Hong et al. 2012). Conclusion Therefore, from the above analysis it can be understood that there are significant issues that affect the availability and retention of the experienced workforce. The experienced workforce helps in undertaking the organizational progress and meets the common goal that is being set by every organization. Losing the human resource is like a significant loss of the resources. The issues that are being discussed in the above analysis states the conditions through which the employees get demoralized and thereby take decisions for the change. The Australian workforce is being reported to resign from their posts frequently in order to make sure that their interests are fulfilled through the job role they are into. The report also discusses the steps that the HR of the company must undertake in order to retain the workforce and thereby facilitate the gradual progress of the organizations. The different measures undertaken by the HR of the organizations helps in ensuring the retention of the employees, thus facilitating the improvement in the structure of the organization. The retention of the old and experienced employees helps in determining the advancements and ensures the loyalty on which the organizations can rely on. References Belbin, C., Erwee, R. and Wiesner, R., 2012. Employee perceptions of workforce retention strategies in a health system.Journal of Management Organization,18(5), pp.742-760. Brunetto, Y., Xerri, M., Shriberg, A., Farr?Wharton, R., Shacklock, K., Newman, S. and Dienger, J., 2013. The impact of workplace relationships on engagement, well?being, commitment and turnover for nurses in Australia and the USA.Journal of Advanced Nursing,69(12), pp.2786-2799. Bragg, S. and Bonner, A. (2015). Losing the rural nursing workforce: Lessons learnt from resigning nurses.Aust J Rural Health, [online] pp.366-370. Available at: https://eds.a.ebscohost.com.libproxy.melbournepolytechnic.edu.au/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=23sid=81fc3701-bc46-4b52-b1f8-eafafb4d282b%40sessionmgr4008 [Accessed 23 Oct. 2017]. Francis, K., Badger, A., McLeod, M., FitzGerald, M., Brown, A. and Staines, C. (2016). Strengthening nursing and midwifery capacity in rural New South Wales, Australia.Collegian, pp.363-366. Hong, E.N.C., Hao, L.Z., Kumar, R., Ramendran, C. and Kadiresan, V., 2012. An effectiveness of human resource management practices on employee retention in institute of higher learning: A regression analysis.International journal of business research and management,3(2), pp.60-79. Jackson, D., 2014. Factors influencing job attainment in recent Bachelor graduates: evidence from Australia.Higher Education,68(1), pp.135-153. Lincoln, M., Gallego, G., Dew, A., Bulkeley, K., Veitch, C., Bundy, A., Brentnall, J., Chedid, R.J. and Griffiths, S., 2014. Recruitment and retention of allied health professionals in the disability sector in rural and remote New South Wales, Australia.Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability,39(1), pp.86-97. Martin, J.E., Sinclair, R.R., Lelchook, A.M., Wittmer, J.L. and Charles, K.E., 2012. Non?standard work schedules and retention in the entry?level hourly workforce.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,85(1), pp.1-22. Roche, M.A., Duffield, C.M., Homer, C., Buchan, J. and Dimitrelis, S., 2015. The rate and cost of nurse turnover in Australia.Collegian,22(4), pp.353-358. Ryan, C. and Watson, L. (2006). Why does Year Twelve retention differ between Australian states and territories?.Australian Journal of Education, 50, pp.203-219. Shacklock, K. and Brunetto, Y., 2012. The intention to continue nursing: work variables affecting three nurse generations in Australia.Journal of Advanced Nursing,68(1), pp.36-46. Shacklock, K., Brunetto, Y., Teo, S. and Farr?Wharton, R., 2014. The role of support antecedents in nurses' intentions to quit: the case of Australia.Journal of advanced nursing,70(4), pp.811-822.

Philippine Country free essay sample

A Reaction Paper on: Nurse Migration from a Source Country Perspective: Philippine Country Case Study Nurse shortages in developed countries have accelerated international nurse recruitment and migration, sparking debate about the consequences for sending and receiving countries and for the meeting of global health needs. The exchange of nurses between developed countries has been commonplace for years; likewise, the Philippines, with its government-approved program of producing nurses for export, are not a new subject of debate (Linda H. Aiken).The nurse migration, their reasons why do they migrate was very well addressed already by the criticizer and how they affect the health care. In that sequence, I therefore believe that what would be the issue today is on the health care system and that’s what I would like to address on the discussion. Health care system as defined is a design to meet the health care needs of target populations. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippine Country or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With emerging numbers of nursing and doctors migrating around the country the â€Å"brain drain† can be seen in a wide variety across different health institution declining the quality of care being provided.Now, the first thing I would like to address is that, is there a need to mandate the health care policy as what is being debated right now and how will it contribute or affect the health system particularly to the nurses and the patients. I believe that there is a need to change the health system currently being implemented in our country but unfortunately the Philippine government is callous and insensitive to the plight of the Filipino people including health workers professionals.Instead of resolving the health and economic problems of the Filipino people and the concerns of health workers that causes the Filipino nurses to migrate, the government is implementing policies detrimental to people’s welfare. The government is implementing budget cuts for social ser vices, wage freeze, streamlining of bureaucracy, freeze hiring and contractualization in accordance with cost-cutting measures dictated by international lending bodies particularly the International Monetary Fund-World Bank in exchange for fresh loans.These same policies that subject health workers to unjust working conditions, starvation wages and non-payment of benefits, curtailment of rights and denial of job security that push them to go abroad. The government is earning much from remittances and exactions from Filipino migrant workers. The Philippines ranks 4th worldwide in terms of remittances earned with US $17B remittances in 2007 . The huge amount of remittances poured into the country by overseas and migrant workers constitute the bulk of dollar reserves, used not for social services, but as guarantee for foreign loans, payment for foreign debt and to cover for trade deficit.For as long as the Philippines remain as semi-colonial semi-feudal society, our country will be a steady source of cheap labour to exploit. The Arroyo government is more concerned in staying in power and raking up money from the blood and sweat of the Filipino people, both here and abroad. It prioritizes debt servicing and military expenditures in the national budget. The neo-liberal policies exacerbate the economic crisis and poverty among the Filipino people. If not for the remittances of the OFWs, the Philippine economy had collapsed long ago. The second issue that I would address based on the article is whether the RA 8042 or the Overseas Filipino Act takes into action, which is primarily to protect and promote the welfare of our overseas workers. International migration also poses potential negative consequences for the individual migrating nurse. Due to the lack of regulatory oversight of agencies and practices of global nurse migration contracting, nurses who have migrated are at increased risk for employment under false pretences and may be misled as to the conditions of work, possible remuneration and benefits (Huston, 2006).Thus, they are placed at risk for unethical, if not illegal employment practices in their host country. This is a study coming from the Philippine Journal of Nursing that says that, although overseas employment for Filipino nurses offers opportunities for better incomes, professional growth, cultural advancement and other expectations, our nurses are not always without tribulations arising from l iving or working overseas. Many of them experience discrimination, violations of contract on salary, substantial living accommodations and unfortunately sexual harassment.The third is whether the government shift its policy in â€Å"managing† the flow of overseas workers due in reaction to the â€Å"promotion† of labor migration. My opinion would be that the government doesn’t have the right to control the choice of nurses to work in other countries. Although it is the right of the government to protect its population from health concerns due to the migration of more skilled and experienced nurses. However the constitution would not scope the protection of its population to the right of choice and interest of its workers to work abroad.To further strengthen my stand I would like to include the statement of the famous Adam Smith, that â€Å"It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest. I would rather say that the government should focus to develop the nursing education by applying strict regulations of nursing schools to ensure quality nursing education and thus quality care as well will be provided, also to increase the budget on health sector to employ adequate nurses.And last would be is on the propos al being considered by the Department of health HRH Masterplan for 2005-2030 I believe that it would have a great contribution on the nursing service here in our country especially its agenda on research since all of us know the great contribution of nursing research. Also their task to review the trends of nurses migration for people to know the when to engage in nursing profession and avoid oversupply of nurses that contributes to the underemployment and unemployment rate. Most importantly, is on the utilization and distribution of nurses to ensure the need of county in term of health personnel. Lastly is on the development of nursing service as nurses would come back in our country they will be able to share their experiences and learning to our nurses. However I further believe that health care development of nursing service in our country would come to our government by increasing the fund in the health sector. Simply because what is the purpose of nurse experienced abroad if the facilities cannot be afford by the health institution.

African-Americans In The Civil War Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

African-Americans In The Civil War Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers African-Americans In The Civil War The foundation for black participation in the Civil War began more than a hundred years before the outbreak of the war. Blacks in America had been in bondage since early colonial times. In 1776, when Jefferson proclaimed mankinds inalienable right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, the institution of slavery had become firmly established in America. Blacks worked in the tobacco fields of Virginia, in the rice fields of South Carolina, and toiled in small farms and shops in the North. Foner and Mahoney report in A House Divided, America in the Age of Lincoln that, In 1776, slaves composed forty percent of the population of the colonies from Maryland south to Georgia, but well below ten percent in the colonies to the North. The invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793 provided a demand for cotton thus increasing the demand for slaves. By the 1800s slavery was an institution throughout the South, an institution in which slaves had few rights, and could be sold or leased by their owners. They lacked any voice in the government and lived a life of hardship. Considering these circumstances, the slave population never abandoned the desire for freedom or the determination to resist control by the slave owners. The slave's reaction to this desire and determination resulted in outright rebellion and individual acts of defiance. However, historians place the strongest reaction in the enlisting of blacks in the war itself. Batty in The Divided Union: The Story of the Great American War, 1861-65, concur with Foner and Mahoney about the importance of outright rebellion in their analysis of the Nat Turner Rebellion, which took place in 1831. This revolt demonstrated that not all slaves were willing to accept this institution of slavery passively. Foner and Mahoney note that the significance of this uprising is found in its aftermath because of the numerous reports of insubordinate behavior by slaves. 8 Individual acts of defiance ranged from the use of the Underground Railroad - a secret, organized network of people who helped fugitive slaves reach the Northern states and Canada - to the daily resistance or silent sabotage found on the plantations. Stokesbury acknowledges in, A Short History of the Civil War, the existence of the Underground Railroad but disagrees with other historians as to its importance. He notes that it never became as well organized or as successful as the South believed. Even with the groundwork having been laid for resistance, the prevalent racial climate in America in 1860 found it unthinkable that blacks would bear arms against white Americans. However, by 1865 these black soldiers had proven their value. Wilson writes in great detail describing the struggles and achievements of the black soldiers in his book The Black Phalanx. McPherson discusses in The Negros Civil War that widespread opposition to the use of blacks as soldiers prevailed among northern whites. Whereas McPherson relates the events cumulating in the passage of two laws that aided black enlistment, Wilson focuses on the actual enlistment. He notes that the first regiment of free blacks came into service at New Orleans in September 1862 through the efforts of Butler. Wilson credits Butlers three regiments of blacks as the first officially mustered into Union ranks. North Carolina and Kansas also organized additional black units where minor skirmishes proved to be successful. Wilson also notes that Kansas has ... the honor of being the first State in the Union to begin the organization of Negroes as soldiers for the Federal army. McPherson believes that up to this point President Lincoln had opposed the idea of blacks fighting for the Union but after the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared that slaves in states still in rebellion on January 1, 1863, shall be then, thence forward, and forever free, he reversed his 8 thinking. At the end of the Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln announced that the freed blacks would be received into the armed service of the United States.... Lincoln planned to tap into a new source of fighting individuals, ...the great available and as yet unavailed of, force for the restoration of the Union.. Lincoln thought this would both weaken the enemy and strengthen the Union. The recruitment of the blacks took laborers from the South and placed these men in the Union army in places which otherwise must be filled with so many white men. Lincoln also felt that seeing the blacks fighting against the Confederacy would have a psychological effect

Politcal Disagreements essays

Politcal Disagreements essays Of the three widely analyzed revolutions in history-the French, Russian and American-the American Revolution shed by far the least amount of blood. The reason for this is believed to be that, unlike the spontaneous peasant uprisings of the French and Russian revolutions, the American Revolution was truly a concept war. The ideals of the French and Russian revolutions did not come to light until after their spontaneous sparks, but on the other hand, the revolutionaries in America used the legal disagreements with Britain and applied it with increasing force as the tension between mother and daughter (England and America) grew, until finally physical conflict erupted. At this point, the revolutionaries had already won the war because they had changed the general publics conception of Britain and the nature of the colonies struggle with her. When the mother, England, proposed taxes on their imports, etc., many educated American scholars wrote documents opposing them. For example, George Washington wrote in a letter to Bryan Fairfax on July 20, 1774, I think the Parliament of Great Britain hath no more right to put their hands into my pockets, without my consent, than I have to put my hands into yours for money... What he means by this is that consent is necessary for Parliament to pass taxes on the colonists, which the colonists obviously did not feel like giving. He also states that asking the British government to reduce taxes is like asking for a favor that we should already be entitled to, but by petitioning, we are claiming a right. The colonists did petition Britains imported goods, indeed. In fact, according to document 2, during or after each Act that Britain passed, the amount of goods imported from Britain declined, especially after the Intolerable Acts. But according the George Grenville, member of Parliament, ...this kingdom has the sovereign, the supreme legislative power over ...

Argument Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Argument Analysis - Essay Example is thesis statement is that violent entertainment can be good for children, because it helps them to manage their feelings, especially anger and fear. The fact that his thesis statement is so clear to the reader, makes his overall argument easy to understand and follow, because the reader does not have to guess what the author’s argument is, because it is mentioned in the text. On the one hand, Gerard Jones gives a lot of examples of how violent media has helped children in different situations, including himself and his son. This makes his argument strong and believable, especially, because he writes about working together with Melanie Moore, who is a psychologist. The fact that he is working together with a psychologist makes his argumentation look scientific and professional. On the other hand, he does not use any statistics, which weakens his argumentation that violent entertainment helps a lot of children and only harms a few. His argument would appear to be stronger and even more scientific, if supported by statistics. In addition, the reader might think that not all relevant factors have been considered in the text, because he just claims that violent media is mostly good for children, but does not support it with any data. Gerard Jones seems to target mostly adults, especially those adults who are also parents. In the last part of the text, he uses â€Å"we† (for adults/ parents) and â€Å"they† (for children), for example, he says: â€Å"We moan to other parents† and â€Å"We risk confusing them†. Jones gains his audience’s trust by telling them about his own and his son’s experience with violent media and how it helped both of them. By writing about his experience, the audience feels as if a relationship is established, which in turn makes him trustworthy. So, writing about his own experience is the first part of his strategy and the second part is to write about his work with the psychologist Melanie Moore and examples about how violent media has

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 6

Ethics - Essay Example It is observed that an organization with a diverse workforce witnesses various ethical dilemmas and issues arising out of ethical values. This happens because the interest of the organizational and personal ethics is different from each other giving rise to potential conflict among employees and managers. Ethics can be termed as a moral principles or set of standard followed by an individual. Business ethics can be termed as a set of moral values and principles that help the business managers to arrive at unified conclusion. The impact of business ethics on managerial decision making is huge and has the potentiality of changing the course of decision making. It is observed that the influence of legal laws on the managerial decision making is huge and can have considerable amount of influence on the personal lives of an individual as well. Since, business activity is also regarded as a human activity the evaluation of business ethics would be done in a similar fashion. The importance of business ethics, personal ethics and legal influences on ethics would be covered in this study by the author. Situational Analysis The Enron Scandal In the year 2001 Enron Scandal had filed for bankruptcy and the collapse of the company was regarded as the biggest audit failure of all times. This occurred when the shareholders of the company had filed a suit against the company after the company’ share dropped from a double digit number to less than $1. The root cause of the sudden drop in the share price of the company confused the shareholders compelling them to file a suit against the company. It was observed that lack of systematic and clear organizational structure was the root cause behind the collapse of the company. The company failed to comply with business and legal ethical standards and there was a lack of moral standard among the employees of the organization. Outcome & Result The failure to provide a valid reason for the collapse of the Enron Corporation arous ed curiosity among investors and sparked controversy among competitors and investment banking analyst. The company management tried to solace the investors by claiming that it would hold an IPO separately for its internet department but ultimately the company filed for bankruptcy (Lashinsky, 2001). It was noted that various employees and managers were involved behind the collapse of the company. Lack of implementation of an ethical and moral standard by the human resource department can pave the path for downfall of the company. Lack of financial, sustainability accounting disclosure and lack of proper organizational climate within the company were solely responsible for the scandalous act. The US government had immediately enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in response to this particular incident in the year 2002 which aimed at primarily promoting transparent and accurate auditing among public accounting companies (Peavler, 2013).This federal law has set new accounting standards for US A public accounting companies, corporate directors and corporate management to enhance the corporate practices. Practical Application of Ethical Theories & Morals The above mentioned incident is a conglomeration of the egoism theory; psychological and enlightened egoism. Enlightened egoism focuses on the fact that individuals should treat each

Wuthering Heights Essay Example for Free

Wuthering Heights Essay How is Love Connected to Vengeance in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights is one of the most well-liked and highly regarded novels in British literature. Although the book shocked the Victorian society with the portrayal of the passionate, obsessive love of Heathcliff and Catherine, Wuthering Heights remains one of the most popular novels of the 20th century. Heathcliff and Catherines fervent and passionate love for one another is the key theme of the novel considering that it is the strongest and more permanent emotion portrayed in Wuthering Heights as well as the source of the major conflicts that constitute the novels plot. Its not clear if Brontes intension is to encourage the condemnation of the two lovers as blameworthy or their idealization as romantic heroes whose love surpasses social norms and conventional morality. However, it is certain that the boundaries between love and revenge in the novel are quite blurred. Heathcliff, an orphan brought to live at Wuthering Heights, falls in love with Catherine, Mr. Earnshaws daughter. Upon the death of Mr. Earnshaw, his son Hindley mistreats Heathcliff heavily treating him like a servant. At the same time, Catherine, driven by her aspiration for social prominence, marries Edgar Linton, leaving Heathcliff miserable and humiliated. Full of feelings of disgrace and rejection, Heathcliff vows to spend the rest of his life seeking for revenge on all the people who betrayed them, namely Hindley, Catherine and Catherines children. As the novel progresses, Heathcliff transforms from an orphan, romantic lover to a powerful, rich and even cruel man, who uses all of his power to acquire both Wuthering Heights and Edgar Lintons estate, Thrushcross Grange. Heathcliff and Catherines love is well-established in their childhood and is characterized by the refusal to change. Her choice to marry Edgar Linton reveals Catherines wish for a more refined life. However, she never adapts to her role as a wife. In a way, she remains stuck to her childhood. As she confines to Nelly, the narrator of the story, who grew up next to Hindley and Catherine Earnshaw and is profoundly involved in the story she recounts, Catherine longs to returns to the security of her childhood. On the other hand, Heathcliff is portrayed as possessing an alm ost herculean ability to sustain the same approach and to foster the same grudges over many years. His obsession is  capable of transforming him into a cruel character that can take revenge on Catherine, the woman he loves since childhood and proclaims as his soul. Heathcliff is actually a Gothic hero, who seeks for vengeance and his desire is so strong that can overpower the norms of civilized society. He even imprisons Catherines daughter, young Catherine and she forces her into marriage with his son, Linton. Moreover, Heathcliff and Catherines love is based on their common perception that they are indistinguishable. Catherine notoriously asserts I am Heathcliff, while Heathcliff, upon her death, moans that he cannot live without his soul. All this asexual, passionate love, denies change, and secret rendezvous and as such t cannot fit in the relentless passage of time. Ultimately, Wuthering Heights intertwines love and vengeance as a process of change against the romantic passion of its main characters. The Narrative Techniques in Wuthering Heights Although Wuthering Heights was Emily Bronte’s only novel, it is notable for the narrative technique she employed and the level of craftsmanship involved in it. Although there are only two obvious narrators, Lockwood and Nelly Dean, a variety of other narratives are interspersed throughout the novel. The reasons for this are that the whole action of Wuthering Heights is presented in the form of eyewitness narrations by people who have played some part in the narration they describe. Unlike other novels where parallel narratives exist i.e. same event, within the same time frame being narrated from different perspectives, Wuthering Heights has a multi-layered narration, each individual narrative opening out from its parent to reveal a new stratum (level) of the story. This intricate technique helps to maintain a continues narrative despite of the difficulties posed by the huge time-shifts involved in the novel. Lockwood as Narrator: Lockwood is the outsider, coming into a world in which he finds bewildering and hostile, he’s a city gentleman who has stumbled on a primitive uncivilized world which he doesn’t understand, but which fascinates him. He arrives at the end of November 1801 as a tenant of Thrushcross Grange. After his initial meetings with his landlord, Mr. Heathcliff, he is laid up for two months during which time his fascination with Wuthering Heights leads to the beginning of Nelly’s narrative. By January 1802, he is sufficiently  recovered to return to the Heights where he informs Heathcliff of his intention to return to London for 6 months. He returns briefly in September 1802, when he hears the conclusion of Nelly’s narrative and the final events of the novel take place. In the novel Lockwood presents the situation as he sees it, the reader is thus brought closer to the action, seeing it through the eyes of the narrator himself. The presence of Lockwood in the book allows the author the author to begin the story near the end and work backwards and forwards in time with little difficulty. The opening chapters of the book are narrated by Lockwood and provide the reader with their introduction to this early 19th century world. The format of Lockwood’s narrative is that of a personal diary, which allows the development for the reader of an easy intimacy with an impartial character whose style self-conscious, a little affected and facetious is nicely calculated to engage sympathy, while allowing ground for the reader to be amused at the narrators expense. With all his limitations, Lockwood is intelligent and perceptive and his precise detailed descriptions are used by his creator to create subtle changes in situation and character, an example of this is that when Lockwood first visited Wuthering Heights, he commented on the chained gate, while at the end of the novel when he returns to find Heathcliff dea d, he noticed Both doors and lattices were open. Changes in character are also hinted at by Lockwood’s eye for detail, he has noticed changes in both Cathy and Hareton Cathy once described by Lockwood as the little witch, now has a voice as sweet as a silver bell. Hareton described in the opening chapters as a boor and a clown and has by the end of the novel become a young man respectably dressed with handsome features, therefore Lockwood, by fulfilling the role as the detached outsider and observer, brings a dimension to the novel which is quite different from the perception provided by Nelly. Lockwood’s Style as Narrator: Lockwood uses an educated literacy language marked by detailed factual description and perceptive observation and comment, both on situation and character. An example of this is his description of Hareton Meanwhile, the young man had slung onto his person a decidedly shabby upper garment, and, erecting himself before the blaze, looked down on me from the corner of his eyes, for all the world as if there was some mortal feud unavenged still  between us. I began to doubt whether he was a servant or not his bearing was free, almost haughty and he showed none of a domestic’s assiduity in attending to the lady of the house. Lockwood’s sentences are often complex consisting of a number of clauses or long phrases, frequently separated by dashes or semi-colons, examples, he probably swayed by the presidential considerations of the folly of offending a good tenant released a little in the laconic style of chipping of his pronouns and auxiliary and introducing what he supposed would be a subject of interest to me. A noticeable aspect of Lockwood’s style is his use of words of Latin origin, e.g. prudential, laconic, auxiliary. By the end of Chapter 3, Lockwood’s style has become more complex in that his sentence structure is complicated, large numbers of adjectival and adverbial clause, a liberal use of the semi-colon and comma, to give the impression of a narrator whose command of language is sophisticated. My human fixture and her satellites, rushed to welcome me; explaining tumultuously, they had completely given me up; everybody conjectured (guessed) that I perished last night; and they were wondering how they must set about the search for my remains. Nelly Dean as Narrator: Nelly Dean’s narrative, though copious and detailed, has an extraordinary, sometimes breathless energy as if she were describing events that she had witnessed an hour ago, every moment of which is vividly present to her. Nelly’s narrative is an art of stark immediacy of making the past live for us in the present. As much of Nelly’s narrative is unfolded in the words of the actual characters, we the readers, feel that the narrative is moulded by the pressure of events, not that the shape and interpretation of events is being fashioned by the narrator. The sense of actuality is conveyed by a series of concrete details that fall artlessly into place. Nelly’s sureness in relating her narrative seems to arise out of an astonishing clear memory, the impression of rapid excitement is achieved by concentrating our attention on movement and gesture, action and reaction, intermixed with vehement dialogue which convinces by its emphatic speech rhythms and plain lang uage. The dialogue has no trace of a conscious stylist, it is noticeable for the brief rapidity of the sentence, an example of this is Nelly’s recollection of the time leading up to Catherine’s death, when Catherine  emplored her to open the window of her room Oh, if I were but in my own bed in the old house! she went on bitterly, wringing her hands, And that wind sounding in the first by the lattice. Do let me feel it! it comes straight down the moor do let me have one breath! Nelly’s value as a narrator is clear from this example, she brings us very close to the action and is in one way deeply engaged in it. The intimate affairs of the Grange and the Heights have taken up her whole life, however, her position as a professional housekeeper means that her interests in events is largely practical. She provides the inner frame of the narrative and we see this world of the successive generations of Earnshaw’s and Linton’s through her eye’s, altho ugh much of the dialogue, in the interests of objectivity, is that of the characters themselves. As a narrator reporting the past from the present, she has the benefit of hindsight and can therefore depart from the straight chronological narrative to hint at the future. A major contrast between Nelly and Lockwood is that she, to an extent, is a character within her own narrative, which causes her several problems. At times she is involved in the action, she is now describing and therefore she treads a difficult path between romantic indulgence and moral rectitude, she both encourages and discourages relationships. Her attitude to theme sways between approval and disapproval, depending on her mood. This is primarily evident in the role she plays in the love triangle between Heathcliff, Catherine and Edgar; at times taking Edgar’s side while yet arranging the last meeting between Heathcliff and Catherine by leaving the window open for him. She adopted a similar position between the relationship between Cathy and Linton, at time colluding with Cathy and at other times judging and betraying her for writing against her father’s wishes. There is an ambivalence in Nelly’s attitude and this combined with her meddling nature renders her moral stance inconsistent and even hypocritical. Despite these shortcomings, she is vigorous, lively narrator with a formidable memory whose energy and unflagging interests allow the reader an insight into the lives of characters. As a narrator, Nelly’s style differs substantially from that of Lockwood, much of her narrative consists of verbatim dialogue and as such is the language of the characters in Wuthering Heights. When she herself is speaking as a narrator, her language is lively, colloquial and imaginative, this has the effect of bringing characters to life and  providing the reader with many vivid and precise images, an example of this is her reference to Heathcliff’s life It’s a cuckoo’s, sir I know all about it, except where he was born, and who were his parents, and how he got his money at first. And that Hareton, has been cast out like a unfledged dunnock. In this example the tagging on of the phrase at first suggests that Nelly knows how he got his money later and therefore arouses our interest in Heathcliff. Nelly is limited because of her conventional, religious and moral sentiments, which often prevent her from a greater understanding of the emotions or motives of the characters. This is important in Bronte’s technique as it allows the reader to believe that they have a better understanding of the characters and the developments, than either of her narrators. The inclusion of so much dialogue and the tertiary narratives of the central characters provide a direct communication between the reader and character allowing for greater immediacy and for an individual response on behalf of the reader. In this respect both Nelly and Lockwood are merely facilitators providing a mechanism through which the reader can enter a world of Wuthering Heights and react in an individ ual fashion to the events which transpire.

Suicide :: essays research papers

In the sixth century before the Christian era, religion was forgotten in India. The lofty teachings of the Vedas were thrown into the background. There was much priest craft everywhere. The insincere priests traded on religion. They duped the people in a variety of ways and amassed wealth for themselves. They were irreligious to say the least. In the name of religion, people followed in the footsteps of these cruel priests and performed meaningless rituals. They killed animals and performed various sacrifices. The country was in great need of a reformer. At such a critical period, when there were cruelty, degeneration, and unrighteousness everywhere, a reformer was to be born to save the people, and disseminate the message of equality, unity and cosmic love everywhere. Buddha was born in 560 B.C. and died at the age of eighty in 480 B.C. . Buddha's father was Suddhodana, king of the Sakhyas. Buddha's mother was named Maya. The place of his birth was a grove known as Lumbini, near the city of Kapilavastu, at the foot of Mount Palpa in the Himalayan ranges within Nepal. This small city Kapilavastu, stood on the bank of the little river Rohini, about a hundred miles north-east of the city of Varnasi. As the time grew near for Buddha to enter the world, the gods themselves prepared the way before him with celestial portents and signs. Flowers bloomed and gentle rains fell although out of season. Heavenly music was heard, and delicious scents filled the air. On the body of the child bore at birth, were thirty-two auspicious marks (Mahavyanjana) which indicated his future greatness, besides secondary marks (Anuvyanjana) in large numbers. Guatama’s mother Maya died seven days after her son's birth. He was brought up by his aunt Mahaprajapati, who b ecame his foster- mother. On the birth of the child Siddhartha, astrologers made predictions to his father Suddhodana. "The child, on attaining manhood, would become either a universal monarch (Chakravarti), or abandoning house and home, would assume the robe of a monk and become a Buddha, a perfectly enlightened soul, for the salvation of mankind". Then the king said: "What shall my son see to make him retire from the world?" The astrologer replied: "Four signs". "What four?" asked the king. "A decrepit old man, a diseased man, a dead man and a monk - these four will make the prince retire from the world" replied the astrologers.

Organized Crime

Organized Crime The Mongols Outlaw Motorcycle Club was founded in the East Los Angeles area, (City of Montebello,) in the late 60’s. It originally had ten members and all of them have had some type of contact with law enforcement. As the club grew, other chapters were formed and they rapidly expanded throughout the State of California. The Mongols quickly got involved in criminal activity, as means to support their club and lavish lifestyles.These crimes included the sale of narcotics, (predominantly Methamphetamine,) money laundering, robbery, extortion, firearms’ violations, murder, and assault, among other crimes. An organization of this type is formed by a group of individuals, whom predominantly come from an upbringing lacking educational and financial opportunities, and were raised in a broken home where one or both parents were not present. In the year 2008, the club president at the time, Ruben â€Å"Doc† Cavazos, made several poor choices, which brought federal indictments on himself and the rest of club members.Doc Cavazos was subsequently sentenced to 20 years in federal prison and prosecutors requested an injunction that prohibited club members and their families from possessing and/or wearing anything associated with the Mongols. In the same town, another former club president and founder of the Mongols, Alfonso â€Å"Big Al† Aceves, serves as a program director at The Rivers Edge Church. After a life of violence, drugs and serving time in prison, Big Al committed his life to Jesus Christ and began his journey as a Christian.Two men with the same background and chasing the same selfish goals; both earned the highest position in the same organization, one was swallowed by deception and the other was granted redemption Organized crime or criminal organizations are the international, national or local highly centralized enterprises ran by criminals for the purpose of engaging in illegal activity, most commonly for monetary profit. Some criminal organizations, such as terrorist organizations are politically motivated.An outlaw motorcycle gang is designed in a paramilitary system. There is a chain of command and ranks within this criminal enterprise. There is uniformity in the way they dress, (commonly known as â€Å"Colors,†) and they are obligated to ride the same make of motorcycles, (typically Harley Davidson. ) As in other criminal organizations, members operate by a code and they pledge an oath of death, should they decide to leave, (or â€Å"drop-out,†) the organization. Ruben â€Å"Doc† Cavazos was born and raised only by his father in Highland Park, in 1957.As he grew up, he became a member of The Avenues Gang of Highland Park, (a gang deemed involved in organized crime. ) During his late teen years, Doc Cavazos ended up serving time in county jail for a variety of crimes, but later earned a license to work as a radiology technician, hence the nickname â€Å"Doc. † I t was evident Doc Cavazos wanted to live a life of crime and violence and after getting tired of earning an honest living, he decided to join the Mongols. Doc Cavazos rapidly moved up in the ranks and subsequently became the international president of the club.Doc Cavazos’ overconfident demeanor generated a lot attention not only amongst the other outlaw motorcycle gangs, but also amongst local and federal law enforcement agencies. Several search warrants were served at Doc Cavazos’ homes and businesses and he always displayed a cocky attitude with police officers and federal agents during the raids. He always had the financial means and legal counsel to get him out of jail on bail within 24 hours from being arrested. However, Doc Cavazos’ own arrogance would become the tool not only law enforcement agents, but also his own troops would utilize to seal his doom.Doc Cavazos’ biggest mistake within his organization was to begin recruiting members of the 18t h Street Gang with affiliations with the Mexican Mafia and foreign drug cartels. This decision created tumult amongst Mongol’s members, since these 18th Street gang members did not own Harley Motorcycles, which is a must requirement for club members. It was evident to the rest of the Mongols that Doc Cavazos was mostly interested in troop numbers and the expansion of the drug, extortion and racketeering trades, than maintaining the oath he once pledged.Unbeknownst to Doc Cavazos was that this expansion of the club would open a bigger door for law enforcement to infiltrate confidential informants into the Mongols’ organization to gather intelligence. Within a short period of time, Doc Cavazos, his son Junior and the rest of club members found themselves with No Bail federal indictments and an injunction for their club. Before Doc Cavazos was sentenced to 20 years in federal prison, he was voted out from his position as the president of the Mongols. Doc Cavazos now sits in protective custody within the federal prison system, since a bounty et by his Mongol brothers will be awarded to the one who kills him. Alfonso â€Å"Big Al† Aceves grew up in East Los Angeles with no parental support and became what is commonly known in the criminal world as â€Å"The Enforcer,† by the age of 18. Big Al would get paid to collect monies from drug sales from subjects who would refuse or would be late in paying the drug lords. According to Big Al, he would prefer these subjects not pay, so he could have a reason to kill them. At almost 20 years-old, Big Al joined the armed forces and became a member of the 101st Airborne, which fought in Vietnam.Big Al said during an interview in reference to his military recruitment, â€Å"What is better than to kill people, is to legally kill people and get paid for it. † Upon his return from Vietnam, Big Al had various run-ins with the law and this prompted him to create an outlaw motorcycle club, which he c alled, the Mongols. His experience in the military also gave him the foundation to create a criminal organization. Big Al quickly became known for his violent behavior and ability to make money by illegal means. This earned him a reputation in the criminal world and the Mongols began to grow in size and in violent acts.Big Al ended up serving several county jail and prison sentences for a variety of major crimes. By the time he met his wife, who already had six children from a previous relationship, Big Al’s strength as a gang leader had begun to deteriorate; based on his drug consumption. Big Al became extremely addicted to Heroin and his earnings in the criminal world were not enough to maintain his drug habit and in turn, to provide for his family. Big Al and his family lost it all and became homeless with nowhere to go. There was a Christian family who met Big Al and his family, and they took them into their home.The head of that family told Big Al that the only thing he required of him was to read a Bible verse with him once a day. As time went by, Big Al was asked if he was willing to ask Jesus Christ into his heart and he yielded. He began his walk as a Christian, but there were still some challenges to face. There was still one pending case for an attempt to plant a bomb and Big Al served time in federal prison for this crime. Another challenge he faced was going through Heroin withdrawals which considering his excessive drug abuse, could have been lethal.Upon his released from prison, he met with his wife and family at the airport and the first thing Big Al told his wife was, â€Å"We are going back to church. † Big Al now serves as a counselor at a local church and he has spoken in hundreds of speaking engagements. He has also become the mentor to many, just as he, whom had led a life of crime and violence, and have now found forgiveness and redemption in Jesus Christ. We find two men of the same ethnicity, growing up in the same city, initially trying to embark in a legitimate career, but then deceived into returning to a lawless lifestyle.They both rose to power and temporarily enjoyed their status and sumptuous ways of living only to find out in the end that it was all meaningless. One of these men finds himself captive and in fear for his life, while the other, although having been tried and faced severe consequences, has finally found true freedom and deliverance in Jesus Christ. In the same sense, we see how these two men with similar upbringings and the lack of parental love and guidance were easily snared into a life of crime and violence; supporting socio-cultural statistics.Works Cited â€Å"Al Aceves: Hard Core No More. † The 700 Club. Interview by Gordon Robertson. CBN. 19 Dec. 2012. Television. The River’s Edge Ranch. â€Å"Al Aceves. † A remarkable testimony. Web. www. theriversedgeranch. org/about-us/staff/316763. aspx[->0] Cavazos, Ruben â€Å"Doc†. Honor Few, Fear None. New York: Basic, 2008. Print. [->0] – http://www. theriversedgeranch. org/about-us/staff/316763. aspx Organized Crime Organized Crime The Mongols Outlaw Motorcycle Club was founded in the East Los Angeles area, (City of Montebello,) in the late 60’s. It originally had ten members and all of them have had some type of contact with law enforcement. As the club grew, other chapters were formed and they rapidly expanded throughout the State of California. The Mongols quickly got involved in criminal activity, as means to support their club and lavish lifestyles.These crimes included the sale of narcotics, (predominantly Methamphetamine,) money laundering, robbery, extortion, firearms’ violations, murder, and assault, among other crimes. An organization of this type is formed by a group of individuals, whom predominantly come from an upbringing lacking educational and financial opportunities, and were raised in a broken home where one or both parents were not present. In the year 2008, the club president at the time, Ruben â€Å"Doc† Cavazos, made several poor choices, which brought federal indictments on himself and the rest of club members.Doc Cavazos was subsequently sentenced to 20 years in federal prison and prosecutors requested an injunction that prohibited club members and their families from possessing and/or wearing anything associated with the Mongols. In the same town, another former club president and founder of the Mongols, Alfonso â€Å"Big Al† Aceves, serves as a program director at The Rivers Edge Church. After a life of violence, drugs and serving time in prison, Big Al committed his life to Jesus Christ and began his journey as a Christian.Two men with the same background and chasing the same selfish goals; both earned the highest position in the same organization, one was swallowed by deception and the other was granted redemption Organized crime or criminal organizations are the international, national or local highly centralized enterprises ran by criminals for the purpose of engaging in illegal activity, most commonly for monetary profit. Some criminal organizations, such as terrorist organizations are politically motivated.An outlaw motorcycle gang is designed in a paramilitary system. There is a chain of command and ranks within this criminal enterprise. There is uniformity in the way they dress, (commonly known as â€Å"Colors,†) and they are obligated to ride the same make of motorcycles, (typically Harley Davidson. ) As in other criminal organizations, members operate by a code and they pledge an oath of death, should they decide to leave, (or â€Å"drop-out,†) the organization. Ruben â€Å"Doc† Cavazos was born and raised only by his father in Highland Park, in 1957.As he grew up, he became a member of The Avenues Gang of Highland Park, (a gang deemed involved in organized crime. ) During his late teen years, Doc Cavazos ended up serving time in county jail for a variety of crimes, but later earned a license to work as a radiology technician, hence the nickname â€Å"Doc. † I t was evident Doc Cavazos wanted to live a life of crime and violence and after getting tired of earning an honest living, he decided to join the Mongols. Doc Cavazos rapidly moved up in the ranks and subsequently became the international president of the club.Doc Cavazos’ overconfident demeanor generated a lot attention not only amongst the other outlaw motorcycle gangs, but also amongst local and federal law enforcement agencies. Several search warrants were served at Doc Cavazos’ homes and businesses and he always displayed a cocky attitude with police officers and federal agents during the raids. He always had the financial means and legal counsel to get him out of jail on bail within 24 hours from being arrested. However, Doc Cavazos’ own arrogance would become the tool not only law enforcement agents, but also his own troops would utilize to seal his doom.Doc Cavazos’ biggest mistake within his organization was to begin recruiting members of the 18t h Street Gang with affiliations with the Mexican Mafia and foreign drug cartels. This decision created tumult amongst Mongol’s members, since these 18th Street gang members did not own Harley Motorcycles, which is a must requirement for club members. It was evident to the rest of the Mongols that Doc Cavazos was mostly interested in troop numbers and the expansion of the drug, extortion and racketeering trades, than maintaining the oath he once pledged.Unbeknownst to Doc Cavazos was that this expansion of the club would open a bigger door for law enforcement to infiltrate confidential informants into the Mongols’ organization to gather intelligence. Within a short period of time, Doc Cavazos, his son Junior and the rest of club members found themselves with No Bail federal indictments and an injunction for their club. Before Doc Cavazos was sentenced to 20 years in federal prison, he was voted out from his position as the president of the Mongols. Doc Cavazos now sits in protective custody within the federal prison system, since a bounty et by his Mongol brothers will be awarded to the one who kills him. Alfonso â€Å"Big Al† Aceves grew up in East Los Angeles with no parental support and became what is commonly known in the criminal world as â€Å"The Enforcer,† by the age of 18. Big Al would get paid to collect monies from drug sales from subjects who would refuse or would be late in paying the drug lords. According to Big Al, he would prefer these subjects not pay, so he could have a reason to kill them. At almost 20 years-old, Big Al joined the armed forces and became a member of the 101st Airborne, which fought in Vietnam.Big Al said during an interview in reference to his military recruitment, â€Å"What is better than to kill people, is to legally kill people and get paid for it. † Upon his return from Vietnam, Big Al had various run-ins with the law and this prompted him to create an outlaw motorcycle club, which he c alled, the Mongols. His experience in the military also gave him the foundation to create a criminal organization. Big Al quickly became known for his violent behavior and ability to make money by illegal means. This earned him a reputation in the criminal world and the Mongols began to grow in size and in violent acts.Big Al ended up serving several county jail and prison sentences for a variety of major crimes. By the time he met his wife, who already had six children from a previous relationship, Big Al’s strength as a gang leader had begun to deteriorate; based on his drug consumption. Big Al became extremely addicted to Heroin and his earnings in the criminal world were not enough to maintain his drug habit and in turn, to provide for his family. Big Al and his family lost it all and became homeless with nowhere to go. There was a Christian family who met Big Al and his family, and they took them into their home.The head of that family told Big Al that the only thing he required of him was to read a Bible verse with him once a day. As time went by, Big Al was asked if he was willing to ask Jesus Christ into his heart and he yielded. He began his walk as a Christian, but there were still some challenges to face. There was still one pending case for an attempt to plant a bomb and Big Al served time in federal prison for this crime. Another challenge he faced was going through Heroin withdrawals which considering his excessive drug abuse, could have been lethal.Upon his released from prison, he met with his wife and family at the airport and the first thing Big Al told his wife was, â€Å"We are going back to church. † Big Al now serves as a counselor at a local church and he has spoken in hundreds of speaking engagements. He has also become the mentor to many, just as he, whom had led a life of crime and violence, and have now found forgiveness and redemption in Jesus Christ. We find two men of the same ethnicity, growing up in the same city, initially trying to embark in a legitimate career, but then deceived into returning to a lawless lifestyle.They both rose to power and temporarily enjoyed their status and sumptuous ways of living only to find out in the end that it was all meaningless. One of these men finds himself captive and in fear for his life, while the other, although having been tried and faced severe consequences, has finally found true freedom and deliverance in Jesus Christ. In the same sense, we see how these two men with similar upbringings and the lack of parental love and guidance were easily snared into a life of crime and violence; supporting socio-cultural statistics.Works Cited â€Å"Al Aceves: Hard Core No More. † The 700 Club. Interview by Gordon Robertson. CBN. 19 Dec. 2012. Television. The River’s Edge Ranch. â€Å"Al Aceves. † A remarkable testimony. Web. www. theriversedgeranch. org/about-us/staff/316763. aspx[->0] Cavazos, Ruben â€Å"Doc†. Honor Few, Fear None. New York: Basic, 2008. Print. [->0] – http://www. theriversedgeranch. org/about-us/staff/316763. aspx

How Life Gets Better While People Feel the Same

I’m pretty sure all of us are familiar with the cliche, â€Å"money can’t buy happiness. † In Gregg Easterbrook book The Progress Paradox he tries to understand why a small variances of this cliche is so. The paradox that underlies Easterbrook’s venture is that through out the last fifty years, things have improved in the United States and Europe, by all objective standards. All though during same time, surveys of happiness and satisfaction have not changed since the fifties.Easterbrook’s main question through out the book asking has the objective measures of the well being of man kind increased while overall satisfaction of people and happiness have remained constant? In the three beginning chapters of this book Easterbrook spends a lot of time looking at surveys depicting the various objective measures that show a pretty much steady increase of progress. I found these chapters entertaining to read because it brings to light a huge range of facts a nd statistics that add support to his idea that things are constantly improving.Easterbrook goes on about how the crime rate is falling, the state of the environment is improving, we are gaining intelligence, equality is increasing and economic situations have improved. Crime, both violent and property have been in decline for 20 years. Current crime rates are probably the lowest in the history of the country. The environment has been improving in every area except green house gases. We have the cleanest air since the beginning of the industrial revolution and the cleanest water since Man was a hunter and gatherer. n the statistics discussed, Easterbrook references a 1996 poll that resulted in 52% of the respondents saying the United States was worse now than when their parents were growing up and 60% said they expected their children to live in an even worse country. Only 15% of the respondents believed that overall national conditions were improving (Easterbrook, 2004). In 1997, 6 6% of Americans reported that they believed â€Å"the lot of the average person is getting worse† (Easterbrook, 2004). Easterbrook raises the question â€Å"How is this possible† with the dramatic increase in overall general progress.Along with discussing the statistics of the many surveys, Easterbrook also gives the reader possible reasons for the so-called paradox. One of the possible reasons he gives is â€Å"choice anxiety. † When looking back on the past a lot of people had very few options due to limited income and limited availability of goods and services. But Easterbrook fights that there is flip side to the stress that comes from having to many options, just like not having enough options can be stressful as well.With the constant increase in the range of goods and services available even the easiest choices can become stressful. Easterbrook states this because a consumer can never really be sure if they are making the correct decision causing stress a nd unhappiness. Another possible reason Easterbrook gives is â€Å"Abundance denial. † This means that no matter how much individuals actually have materially, they will never view them as being â€Å"well-off†, which is constantly making people unhappy and stress out. Easterbrook states that a most Americans think of only the rich as being â€Å"well-off. This brings me to my favorite statistic my favorite statistic: there have been around sixty billion people who ever lived, the 600 million who live in western democracies such as Europe, North America, Japan and Australia live better than anyone else in history (better housing, medical care, nutrition etc. )(Easterbrook, 2004). Since my standard of living is considered about average that means that I live better than 99. 5% of people who have ever lived. We are the one percenters, as far as the history of the world goes. Our current one percenters live better than 99. 9% of people, ever. One more possible reason is â€Å"collapse anxiety,† the widespread fear that the prosperity of the United States and Europe may come to an end due to an economic crash, environmental problems, terrorism or some other catastrophe. Even though individuals are better off that constant notion that it is unmanageable leads to people being unhappy and unsatisfied. It’s hard for people to sit back and really appreciate things when they are in constant fear that it could someday end. Lastly he considers â€Å"the revolution of satisfied expectations† as a possible explanation.He refers this to as the uneasiness that follows items that an individual once dreamed of having. Easterbrook states that during the last century western life has been categorized by ever increasing expectations, with each generation expecting to have more than the previous generation. In today’s day and age we have reached a point where people have most of what they need. What Easterbrook is trying to say with this e xplanation is that it is hard to imagine things getting any better than they already are kind of giving individuals nothing to look forward to.After reading this book I had some general issues. First off is the issue of happiness. The beginning of the book deals with objective measures over time that forms a steady increase in progress. To form the paradox the objective facts were compared to the subjective measures of happiness. Of course Easterbrook states that the surveys are not exactly perfect he claims that they â€Å"illuminating nonetheless† (Easterbrook, 2004). However I think this is questionable. The perception of happiness is not constant among individuals at one point in time, let alone over several decades.Each person could have a completely different outlook on happiness. What can be happiness for one person could be sadness or another feeling for someone else. With each person entitled to their own subjective view on what they consider to be happiness, they ar e also entitled to have a subjective perception of what others experienced in the past and what others will experience in the future. So when surveyors asked respondents if they thought their parents would better off or if their children will be better off, it’s not an objective measure but a subjective perception of the past and future.It doesn’t seem clear why we In short, it is not clear why we would assume the level of subjective satisfaction to increase with objective well-being. I feel like Easterbrook was trying to say that in the past it seemed like things were always getting better but now in the future since things are improving so quickly it doesn’t seem like we could continue to progress in the future. It is unclear why people should think that progress couldn’t continue and, therefore, have lower expectations for the future. This question is left unanswered.If you asked, most people would agree that money and material things are not the meani ng of happiness. With this, why would we expect to see a connection between an increase in progress and an increase in happiness? It isn’t clear that the claim has ever been that prosperity and progress will lead to the end of all stress and uneasiness. In the end there are two traits that correlate closely with happiness: forgiveness and gratitude. Forgive those that have done you wrong and be grateful for what you have. †¢Easterbrook, Greg. The Progress Paradox: How Life Gets Better While People Feels Worse. Random House Publishing Group, 2004. eBook.

Essay Sample on Child Abuse and Conduct Disorder in Children

Essay Sample on Child Abuse and Conduct Disorder in Children According to Sadock B., Sadock V. Sadock V.A.(2008, P.96) in their book, Kaplan and Sadock concise textbook of child and adolescent psychiatry, there in a common consensus on the fact that those children that chronically experience sexual or physical abuse when they are young are at a risk of developing aggressive behavior at later years. They also assert that the onset of aggressive behavior in children with a history of maltreatment manifests early in boys than in girls. That is to say that, conduct disorder reaches diagnostic criteria at the age between 14 and 16 for girls and at the age of between 10 and 12 years old in boys (Sadock B., Sadock V. Sadock V.A., 2008, P.96). For instance, McCabe, et al (2005,p.575) conducted an experiment with an aim of testing the hypothesis that those children who are exposed to violent behavior end up developing conduct problems during their adolescence. This was a two years study that used a sample of 423 adolescents between the ages of 12 to 17 years old. This was a random sample of high risk youths being treated in public psychiatric hospitals. The information needed was collected from studying the adolescents’ pattern of treatment and care (Mc Cabe, et al 2005, p.575). The results put in their article titled, The Relation between Violence Exposure and Conduct Problems among Adolescents: a Prospective Study indicated that those children who had been exposed to community violence had a higher chance of developing conduct disorder which would manifest in external symptoms. On the other hand, child maltreatment predicted psychiatric disorder that manifested without externalizing the symptoms. However a child’s exposure to violence between intimate partners did not predict either of the two outcomes. Even where child maltreatment and exposure to violence between intimate partners were controlled, a child’s exposure to violence was a great contributing factor to adolescent misconduct. It is therefore impe rative to form treatment solutions that address the internalizing and externalizing symptoms, in the treatment of socially deviant adolescent with a history of child maltreatment. The study also gives significant pointers towards the prevention of psychiatric disorders in young people. Romano, Zoccolilo Paquette (2006, p. 329) did a study that investigated the relationship between child maltreatment and behavior disorder in a sample of pregnant adolescents. Cross-sectional information was collected from a sample of 252 pregnant adolescents from a home group setting, hospitals and high schools in Canada. The girls filled up a questionnaire and underwent an interview on their history of psychiatric disorder. The study used latent class analysis to associate child maltreatment and behavioral disorder. The results in their article, Histories of child maltreatment and psychiatric disorder in pregnant adolescents showed that 79% of the pregnant adolescents had not experienced child maltr eatment while 21% undergone some kind of mistreatment at a young age. The study also showed that the child maltreatment latent variables had no connection with psychiatric disorder. Instead, aggressive behavior was associated with only the sexual form of child maltreatment. The results also showed a significant association between depression and psychiatric disorder in the pregnant adolescents at the ratio of 3.70.In addition and compared to the non maltreated girls, those girls who had experienced multiple forms of maltreatment were four times more likely to develop conduct disorder. In conclusion, the study proved that prior experience of sexual or multiple form of child maltreatment was a factor that predisposed adolescents to behavior misconduct (Zoccolilo Paquette 2006, p. 329).More studies of the maltreatment history of a child will help to form better understand adolescent misconduct and come up with remedies that can help to prevent such outcomes. Relationship between depres sion and conduct disorder in children with child abuse Rutter Taylor argue in their book (2002) argue in their book, child and adolescent psychiatry that, one of the identifiable causal factor for conduct disorder is child abuse. This is because child abuse leads to concurrent alterations in various emotional, cognitive, neuroendocrinological and neurohumoral regulatory processes. It is the variation in either of this processes that charged with causing depression that leads to behavior disorder in young people. Mash (2003) in his book child psychopathology argues that, the maltreatment of a child can lead to negative psychological consequences that persist into ones adulthood. This means that most of the adult psychiatric patients are victims of childhood maltreatment. He further asserts that those adolescents with a history of physical abuse are at a higher risk of developing chronic problems in self concept, self esteem, behavior and emotional self regulation and psychological o utcomes like dissociative behavior, depression and PSTD. This can later in life cause more serious problems including sexual problems anxiety disorders, or depression. According to the American Psychiatric Association diagnostic manual (1987), the relationship between adolescent depression and conduct disorder is not random. This argument is supported by Kovacs, Paulauskas, Gatsonis Richards(1988) who argue that the estimated prevalence of comorbidity for conduct disorder and depression in children and adolescence was from their study found to be at 23%.This number has risen up to between 32 t0 37% in other separate investigations.Benamos Bathsheva (1992) argued in his article, depression and conduct disorder in children and adolescent: A review of the literature, that the relationship between depression and conduct disorder in young people has been historically explained using either the theory of direct causal relationship, the theory of indirect causal relationship or the theo ry of the â€Å"final common pathway† hypothesis. According the direct causal relationship model, depression was viewed by early psychiatrists as a masked form of behavior in young people which manifested itself in either the form of antisocial behavior, general anxiety, school under achievement or psychomatic problems. Delinquency was considered to be a defense against parental deprivation or abuse and depression as the second defense option once the antisocial behavior failed to capture the attention of ones parents. This argument was however deemed invalid in the 1970s by later day explanations (Ben-Amos Bathsheva 1992, p.188). The indirect causal relationship succeeded the above model. According to this model, depression was recognized as a disorder separate from conduct disorder. It explained the association between depression and conduct disorder in two ways. The first one presented depression as a result of abandonment where by a young person defended himself against his depression by either demonstrating rage, withdrawal or by acting out. The second explanation saw depression as a result of aggressive behavior in a manner that one is seen to condemn himself for carrying out deviant behavior. This behavior is presented as a result of expression of anger towards a needed individual who in this case might be dissociating himself from the young person either by sexually of physically abusing the minor. This argument is faulted for not showing how early depravation is more significant than a parents psychopathology in causing depression and antisocial behavior in young people (Ben-Amos Bathsheva 1992, p.188). Finally, the final pathway model explains the relationship between depression and conduct behavior in maltreated children by seeking to find similar symptoms in the two disorders. This is done using a diagnostic spectrum of several borderline personality disorders. This model however fails in giving a clear explanation that may lead to the deve lopment of proper treatment options since it cannot provide distinct symptoms for each disorder. However it gives significant insights into further studies on how pharmacology can be applied in the treatment of both depressive disorder and conduct disorder in young people (Ben-Amos Bathsheva 1992, p.188). Relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and stress disorder in children with child abuse According to Myers (2005, p.205) in his book, Myers on evidence on child, Domestic and elder abuse cases, those child who experience physical abuse are at a higher risk of developing psychiatric disorders and adjustment problems. For instance physically abused children may end up becoming abusive parents towards their own children. However research has shown that the intergeneration transmission of this kind of abusive behavior is estimated at between 18 to 40%.Myers further argues that other than physical abuse, a child might be a victim of sexual abuse, psychological abuse or malt reatment in the form of neglect. He quotes research conducted by Vincent Felitti and his contemporaries to demonstrate the effects of child maltreatment. This research involved the analyzation of 8,506 questionnaires given to a sample of adults from the Kaiser Permanente health care at San Diego. The average age of the respondents was 56.They were supposed to answer whether they had experienced any of the 7 childhood traumas including, domestic violence, psychological trauma, sexual abuse, physical abuse, drugs or alcohol abuse by a household member, mental illness or whether the imprisonment of a household member. Over 6% of the respondents had experienced one or more of the traumas while 6% had experienced four or more childhood traumas. The experience of this trauma was associated with later day mental and behavior disorders. The research showed that improper handling of childhood trauma led to post traumatic tress disorder and behavior problems which manifested itself in behavio rs like depressed mood, suicide attempts smoking, severe obesity, alcoholism, and drug abuse and multiplier sexual partners. This For instance 25 % of the respondents who were sexually abused as children, took up smoking at an early age compared to only the non sexually abused who only stood at 9%(Myers, 2005, pp. 206-207). Having seen the origin of both post trauma stress disorder and conduct disorder it is importance to show how they are related. Greenwald (2011, 304), asserts that although the effect of trauma borne out of child maltreatment can manifest in several ways trauma plays a major role in the development of conduct disorder. Improper handling of childhood trauma leads to post traumatic disorder where by the child basic trust is violated, his attachments are detached and his sense of empathy destroyed. At this point, the child’s sense of inhibition is reduced such that it becomes easy for the victim to commit crime against other people. Post traumatic stress disor der is such that the victim of abuse remains perpetually alert to potential danger to a point that this kind of sensitivity contributes to a sense of biased hostility. The child social competence is impaired by the internalization of anger which manifests itself in aggressive and sometimes violent acts. Post traumatic disorder also manifests itself in the form of intolerable emotions like intense sadness or fear which may lead to substance abuse or other high risk behaviors. The worst occurs when the effect of trauma manifested in post trauma stress disorder and conduct disorder lasts indefinitely and becomes part of the individual’s behavior and personality. Most anti social youths who have experienced some kind of child maltreatment have been found to suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder with the prevalence rates ranging from 24% to 65% (Greenwald, 2011, p. 304). While some studies have hypothesized conduct disorder as a direct symptom of post traumatic disorder other see both disorders as a direct result of trauma in which some symptoms are similar. For instance, a study of combat veterans discovered that war related trauma predisposed both Post trauma stress disorder and antisocial behavior (Greenwald, 2011, p. 305). Relationship between executive function and conduct disorder in children with child abuse Hyman (2001, p. 680), has stated in his book, the science of mental health: personality disorder that there is empherical evidence that those children who grow up to be persistently antisocial suffer from deficits in their neuropsychological abilities. Research has ruled child abuse and neglect as some of the possible causes of kind of brain damage that lead to anti social behavior and consequent neuropsychological impairment. The two major types of neuropsychological deficits in antisocial children are impairments in verbal and executive functions. The verbal functions affected in antisocial children are concentration in reading, listening, w riting, expressive speech, problem solving and memory. The affected executive functions on the other hand are a form of compartmental learning deficiency whose symptoms include impulsivity and in attention. Hyman (2001, p. 680), continues to argues that both conduct disorder and deficiencies in executive functions share a variance that does not depend on ones social class, academic attainment, race or test motivation. This deficiency in cognitive skills can affect both slow-witted and undetected delinquents. He also adds that there is a strong research based evidence to show that in executive functions is associated with the kind of anti social behavior that starts in child hood and is sustained afterwards for a long period of time. In their book, Helping adolescents: prevention of multiple problem behavior, Biglan, Brennan, Foster Holder (2005, p.77) argues that evidence has demonstrated that specific executive functions deficits are significant risk factors towards substance abus e, overt aggression and latent conduct disorder. These executive deficits may vary from problems in inhibiting negative behavior, poor ability to plan, problems in verbal processing and difficult in sustaining attention. Executive cognitive deficits have therefore been linked to alcohol or substance abuse in high risk youths. The significant association between the deficit in performance of executive functions and conduct disorder has been applied by some researchers to explain the increased rate of comorbidity attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and in conduct disorder. The diminishing arousal of the nervous system leads to ADHD and hyperactivity that specifically affects the brain area that is responsible for behavioral inhibitions and higher order cognitive skills. When the ADHD in a child with a history of maltreatment is accompanied by serious disruptive and aggressive behavior, there is an increased likelihood of future conduct disorder and substance abuse (Biglan 20 05, p.77). To investigate the kind of relationship that exists between executive function and conduct disorder in maltreated children, Mezzacapa, Kindlon Earls(2001, p. 104) carried out a study on 126 boys aged between 6 and 12 years old and who attended either a therapeutic school for children with behavioral of emotional problems or public schools. They were put into 3 categories of public schools, none abused and therapeutic all of which were based on either ones school of origin or his history of maltreatment. The study controlled the boys medical status and IQ then made comparison of the boys in the three categories based on, the experimenter observation of the children’s behavior during the research; the ratings given by the teacher on each boy’s behavior; on the boys performance of a task that tested the capacity to act in progress or inhibit and the capacity to passively avoid responding to questions that had adverse consequences. The test also examined the ave rage group variances in behavior, symptoms and task performance. There was also an analysis of differential age based changes in the behavior, symptoms and task performances within each group. In their article, Child abuse and performance task assessments of executive functions in boys, Mezzacapa, Kindlon Earls (2001, p.104) reported that those non abused children attending therapeutic schools showed comparatively significant higher levels of externalizing and internalizing symptoms and those of redirecting to a given task in comparison to those children who attended public schools. Compared to public school boys, both therapeutic abused and therapeutic none abused children demonstrated capacities to inhibit an act in progress and ability to avoid giving a response with adverse consequence that was relatively poor. With increasing age, those children who had a history of maltreatment had lower improvements in their capacity to avoid responses with serious consequences compared to b oth non abused therapeutic children and those attending public schools (Mezzacapa, Kindlon Earls (2001, p.104 This reported therefore collaborated previous hypothesis and researches conducted by behavioral scientists towards the argument that, child abuse contributes to the alteration of a child’s cognitive abilities especially in the executive functions. Such deficits are in turn linked to psychopathological behaviors manifested in poor self control and abusive aggression. The results of this investigation can however be best validated by conducting a longitudinal study that will investigate the influence of age on behavior regulation in individuals with a history of child maltreatment and consequence cognitive and behavior disorders (Mezzacapa, Kindlon Earls (2001, p.104). Relationship between conduct disorder and attachment disorder in children with child abuse Abel Southwest Minnesota State University (2009, p.8) asserts in their book titled childhood trauma and attac hment disorder in foster children that a child’s first lesson in trust comes from his parent. The kind of nurturing she gets at the youngest age helps to build either a healthy or unhealthy attachment behavior. In most cases, the process of attachment is inhibited by factors such as abuse, death, maltreatment, chronic trauma, violence, neglect and out of home placements. Such factor may leave a child with attachment deficits that make them develop trust issues, social insecurities and physical detachments. The above problems are accentuated by the statistics that, young children and infants are being taken and sustained in foster cares in numbers that are relatively higher than that of older children. The prevalence of domestic violence and child maltreatment occur in 30 t0 60 5 of families that experience any kind of violence. A majority of youth undergo multiple foster care placements with some undergoing up to 7 placements before reaching their adulthood. In addition, by 2006 118, 000 children in foster cares were still waiting to be adopted while according to a 2005 report from the children defense funds millions of children all over America are witnessing family violence every day. There is therefore a need for permanency, stability and proper role adoption in family life in order to avoid attachment disorder in children (Abel South West Minnesota State University, 2009, pp.8-9). In essence, any kind of parental care that is characterized by parent child conflict, lack of involvement or warmth, poor supervision and harsh styles of disciplining are associated with disrupted behavior in a child. In their book, women’s mental health: a lifecycle approach Romans Seeman attempt to demonstrate how poor or abusive parental care may contribute to aggressive behavior in a child. In fact, they are that the relationship between the behavior of a parent and that of a child are directly related to each other. Such that conduct disorder in a parent can be remedied using interventions that put their focus in the alteration of the parent’s behavior. However, Romans Seeman(2006, p.102), go ahead to say that although most studies in the consequences on parental practice on a child mental and behavioral health has been conducted on boys, a few isolated studies on girls have indicated that the behavior outcomes for boys and girls in the same coercive family vary. For instance, a study conducted on boys and girls in Pre School indicated that maltreated boys in Pre School were at a higher risk of developing aggressive behavior at their school going age compared to girls. The level of attachment that a child has with his parents depends on how well or how poorly the child perceives parental response and availability. The quality of attachment that a child has with his parent influence the kid of relationships he has in the future. Family risk factors like parental separation or divorce, marital conflicts, large family size and int ense family stress has been linked to later aggressive behavior violence and criminal convictions. On the other had, the attachment deficit associated with child abuse and neglect has been associated with conduct disorder in children (Romans Seeman, 2006, p.102). In their book, Child Neuropsychology: Assessment and Interventions for Neurodevelopment Disorders Semrud-Clikeman Ellison (2009, p.201) argue that familial factors like maternal depression, family aggression and conflicts are some of the causes of attachment disorder in children. On the other hand, children with conduct disorder come from families where there is frequent parental substance abuse, and parent’s capacity to be coercive towards their children. Consequently those parents with punitive, coercive and inconsistent management styles predict attachment disorder which is converted by anger to conduct disorder. It is therefore important for psychiatrist to come up with treatment intervention that has its roots in the quality of attachment that a child has with his parents or guardians (Semrud-Clikeman Ellison, 2009, p.201). Conclusion In conclusion, children with experience of maltreatment are exposed to a high risk factor of developing conduct disorder as a way of dealing with their pain. Several models have been used to link depression to conduct disorder. However, only an integrated research approach towards finding a cure for both depression and conduct disorder in can help find their association. In addition, Post traumatic stress disorder alters a child’s ability to inhibit aggressive conduct and increases his capacity to give responses that have adverse consequences leading to the development of conduct disorder. Child abuse and neglects creates deficits in a child’s executive functions. Research has shown that such deficits are high risk factors towards the development of aggressive behavior and conduct disorder. Decreased child’s attachment to her parents du e to neglect or coercive behavior of the parents causes attention deficit disorder. Those suffering from this deficit handle it through manifestation of aggressive, suicidal or violent behavior that are a symptoms of conduct disorder. In summary, child maltreatment can either directly or indirectly lead to conduct disorder in an adolescent. For some individuals, such a behavior extends into their adult life.